Reliance Power is a private-sector electricity generator that built its name on some of India’s largest coal-fired plants, but it is now engineering a deliberate pivot into integrated solar and battery storage - a shift from selling steady thermal power to selling round-the-clock renewable energy. The company was incorporated in 1995 as part of the Reliance Group and grew by winning mega-scale projects that paired power plants with their own fuel sources, a formula it first proved at Sasan and is now adapting for a new generation of solar-plus-storage assets. That recurring approach - secure the fuel, lock in the customer, and build at a scale few others can match - explains both its legacy and its current transformation. # Business segments Three engines at different stages - a thermal cash cow that mines its own coal, a legacy renewable fleet that is being reshaped, and a greenfield solar-plus-storage pipeline that is being built for the next decade - each funded by the cash flows of the one before. ## 1. Pithead coal power: the world’s largest integrated plant-and-mine **The Sasan Ultra Mega Power Project generates 3,960 MW of electricity and mines its own coal from a captive pit just 14.6 km away, making it one of the lowest-cost thermal suppliers in the country.** - **Fuel security is built into the ground** - the plant sits at the mouth of the Moher and Moher Amlohri Extension opencast coal mines, so coal travels from pit to boiler on a single overland conveyor belt, eliminating railway freight and the risk of fuel shortages. - **Sold out for 25 years** - all the power is committed to 14 state distribution companies across seven states under a long-term PPA won through competitive bidding, with a payment security mechanism that protects cash flows even when discoms delay. - **Runs harder than the industry** - in FY24 the plant operated at a plant load factor of 93.5%, compared with an all-India average of roughly 69%, and it has been ranked the best operating power plant in the country for seven years running. - **The mine is among India’s largest** - it produced 18.12 million metric tonnes of coal in FY25 and handled 59 million bank cubic metres of material; in an earlier year it was the single largest coal mine in India by volume handled. ## 2. Cost-plus thermal power: a regulated utility for Uttar Pradesh **The 1,200 MW Rosa plant sells every unit it generates to the state of Uttar Pradesh under a regulator-determined tariff, insulating it from market price swings.** - **Tariff set by the regulator** - unlike Sasan’s competitively bid price, Rosa earns a cost-plus return under Section 62 of the Electricity Act, meaning its allowed costs and a margin are approved by the state regulator. - **Three layers of payment protection** - the PPA includes a three-tier payment security mechanism, which reduces the risk of non-payment by the sole customer, the state discom. - **High availability, steady output** - in its twelfth year of full operations, the plant achieved 94% plant availability and generated 7,609.7 million units of electricity. - **Now debt-free** - the subsidiary that owns Rosa has repaid all its debt, including working capital loans, so the plant’s cash generation is no longer weighed down by interest costs. ## 3. Solar-plus-storage under construction: betting on round-the-clock renewables **The company is building a pipeline of integrated solar and battery storage projects won in government auctions, aiming to deliver firm, dispatchable renewable power at a fixed price for 25 years.** - **Asia’s largest single-location solar-storage project** - a 930 MW solar plant paired with 465 MW / 1,860 MWh of battery storage is being built under a PPA with SECI at a fixed tariff of ₹3.53 per kilowatt-hour, with a capital outlay of up to ₹10,000 crore. - **A second project locks in a lower tariff** - a 350 MW solar plus 175 MW / 700 MWh battery storage project was won through SJVN’s auction at ₹3.33 per kilowatt-hour, adding another 600 MW of solar capacity and 700 MWh of storage to the pipeline. - **Half of a landmark tender** - in the largest allocation of SJVN’s firm and dispatchable renewable energy tender, the company secured 750 MW / 3,000 MWh - exactly 50% of the total - at a tariff of ₹6.74 per kilowatt-hour, bringing its cumulative clean-energy pipeline to over 4 GWp of solar and 6.5 GWh of battery storage across four tenders in ten months. - **The model mirrors Sasan** - just as the coal plant was built on captive fuel, these projects pair generation with storage so the company can sell power when the grid needs it, not just when the sun shines, making the output more valuable and bankable. ## 4. Legacy renewables and international projects: a shrinking tail **A small operating renewable fleet and a gas project in Bangladesh remain on the books, but the company has been selling or reshaping these assets while it pivots to the new solar-plus-storage pipeline.** - **Operating solar and wind, partly exited** - the renewable portfolio includes a 40 MW solar PV plant and a 100 MW concentrated solar plant in Rajasthan, both under 25-year PPAs; the 45 MW wind farm in Maharashtra was sold in April 2024 for ₹132.39 crore. - **Bangladesh gas project is part-owned by a Japanese giant** - the 718 MW (net) combined-cycle gas plant near Dhaka is held through a subsidiary in which JERA, one of Japan’s largest power companies, owns a 49% stake; the project reached financial closure with lenders including the Japan Bank for International Cooperation and the Asian Development Bank. - **Bhutan solar and hydro in early stages** - a 50:50 joint venture with the Royal Government of Bhutan’s investment arm is developing a 500 MW solar project, Bhutan’s largest, and the 770 MW Chamkharchhu-I hydroelectric project under a long-term concession. - **Stranded gas and stalled coal are ring-fenced** - the Samalkot gas-based capacity remains idle due to a nationwide lack of domestic gas, and the Krishnapatnam and Chitrangi coal projects are stalled by regulatory and viability challenges; these are being resolved or monetised separately and do not consume fresh capital from the operating business. # Group structure and partners **The company operates through a web of project-specific subsidiaries, with strategic partners brought in for international ventures and a newly created vehicle for its Bhutan push.** - **One project, one subsidiary** - each major asset sits in its own special purpose vehicle: Sasan Power Limited for the UMPP, Rosa Power Supply Company Limited for the Rosa plant, and separate entities for each solar and international project, which isolates risk and makes assets easier to finance or sell. - **JERA is the anchor partner in Bangladesh** - the Japanese energy major holds a 49% stake in Reliance Bangladesh LNG and Power Limited, bringing both capital and operational expertise in gas-fired generation to the project. - **A joint flagship for Bhutan** - Reliance Enterprises Private Limited, a 50% associate jointly promoted with Reliance Infrastructure, was formed as the dedicated vehicle for renewable and green energy investment in Bhutan, partnering directly with the Royal Government’s investment arm. - **The parent is now bank debt-free** - as of November 2025, Reliance Power stated it had zero bank debt at the standalone level, with assets of ₹41,282 crore and a net worth of ₹16,337 crore, giving it a clean balance sheet to fund the renewable build-out.