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Shree Cement Ltd

SHREECEM·NSE
22,200.00-1.55%Tue, 22 Sept '26 15:57

Shree Cement Ltd

SHREECEM
NSE
22,200.00
-1.55%
|Tue, 22 Sept '26 15:57
SOICxStockScans Reports
6M
Price
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Quick Ratios

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Mkt Cap
Market Capitalization
80,099Cr
Close
Close Price
22,200.00
Industry
Industry
Cement
PE
Price To Earnings
49.14
PS
Price To Sales
3.66
Revenue
Revenue
21,896Cr
Rev Gr TTM
Revenue Growth TTM
12.63%
PAT Gr TTM
PAT Growth TTM
9.88%

Quarterly Results

Upcoming Results on
23 Oct 2026
Consolidated
Standalone
Numbers
Percentage
QuarterSep 2023Dec 2023Mar 2024Jun 2024Sep 2024Dec 2024Mar 2025Jun 2025Sep 2025Dec 2025Mar 2026Jun 2026
Revenue
RevenueCr
4,7745,1935,4015,1244,0544,5735,5325,2814,7614,8016,1016,233
Growth YoY
Revenue Growth YoY%
18.220.85.91.8-15.1-11.92.43.117.45.010.318.0
Expenses
ExpensesCr
3,8883,9303,9794,1973,4413,6084,1033,9483,7873,8534,7174,961
Operating Profit
Operating ProfitCr
8861,2641,4229276139651,4291,3339749471,3841,272
OPM
OPM%
18.624.326.318.115.121.125.825.220.519.722.720.4
Other Income
Other IncomeCr
132147150139181111158235179146101212
Interest Expense
Interest ExpenseCr
675562565652414651595657
Depreciation
DepreciationCr
412444702704716799788654668710762686
PBT
PBTCr
53991380730623225758868434324667741
Tax
TaxCr
9321113127-533118322512456139210
PAT
PATCr
44770267627877194575644310268528531
Growth YoY
PAT Growth YoY%
143.7149.028.7-51.3-82.8-72.4-14.9131.2304.338.2-8.3-17.5
NPM
NPM%
9.413.512.55.41.94.210.412.26.55.68.78.5
EPS
EPS
123.8194.5187.077.221.253.6159.2178.185.573.9145.7146.7
QuarterSep 2023Dec 2023Mar 2024Jun 2024Sep 2024Dec 2024Mar 2025Jun 2025Sep 2025Dec 2025Mar 2026Jun 2026
Revenue
RevenueCr
4,7745,1935,4015,1244,0544,5735,5325,2814,7614,8016,1016,233
Growth YoY
Revenue Growth YoY%
18.220.85.91.8-15.1-11.92.43.117.45.010.318.0
Expenses
ExpensesCr
3,8883,9303,9794,1973,4413,6084,1033,9483,7873,8534,7174,961
Operating Profit
Operating ProfitCr
8861,2641,4229276139651,4291,3339749471,3841,272
OPM
OPM%
18.624.326.318.115.121.125.825.220.519.722.720.4
Other Income
Other IncomeCr
132147150139181111158235179146101212
Interest Expense
Interest ExpenseCr
675562565652414651595657
Depreciation
DepreciationCr
412444702704716799788654668710762686
PBT
PBTCr
53991380730623225758868434324667741
Tax
TaxCr
9321113127-533118322512456139210
PAT
PATCr
44770267627877194575644310268528531
Growth YoY
PAT Growth YoY%
143.7149.028.7-51.3-82.8-72.4-14.9131.2304.338.2-8.3-17.5
NPM
NPM%
9.413.512.55.41.94.210.412.26.55.68.78.5
EPS
EPS
123.8194.5187.077.221.253.6159.2178.185.573.9145.7146.7

Profit & Loss

Consolidated
Standalone
Numbers
Percentage
Financial YearMar 2016Mar 2017Mar 2018Mar 2019Mar 2020Mar 2021Mar 2022Mar 2023Mar 2024Mar 2025Mar 2026TTM
Revenue
RevenueCr
5,5148,5949,83312,55512,86813,56015,01017,85220,40419,28320,94321,896
Growth
Revenue Growth%
55.914.427.72.55.410.718.914.3-5.58.612.6
Expenses
ExpensesCr
4,1076,0817,3609,7619,1099,48011,30214,89315,91015,34916,30617,318
Operating Profit
Operating ProfitCr
1,4072,5132,4732,7943,7594,0793,7082,9604,4943,9344,6384,577
OPM
OPM%
25.529.225.122.329.230.124.716.622.020.422.120.9
Other Income
Other IncomeCr
67336238972274438546459621589661637
Interest Expense
Interest ExpenseCr
76129135248291251216263258205212223
Depreciation
DepreciationCr
8281,2158991,4721,8081,2621,1461,6611,8973,0072,7942,826
PBT
PBTCr
1,1761,5311,8271,1461,9343,0042,8921,4952,9591,3122,2932,166
Tax
TaxCr
33192443131390714555226563188544529
PAT
PATCr
1,1431,3391,3841,0151,5442,2902,3371,2692,3961,1241,7491,636
Growth
PAT Growth%
17.13.4-26.752.148.32.0-45.788.8-53.155.69.9
NPM
NPM%
20.715.614.18.112.016.915.67.111.75.88.37.5
EPS
EPS
328.1384.4397.3288.9435.4633.5646.3325.2664.0311.2483.2451.8
Financial YearMar 2016Mar 2017Mar 2018Mar 2019Mar 2020Mar 2021Mar 2022Mar 2023Mar 2024Mar 2025Mar 2026TTM
Revenue
RevenueCr
5,5148,5949,83312,55512,86813,56015,01017,85220,40419,28320,94321,896
Growth
Revenue Growth%
55.914.427.72.55.410.718.914.3-5.58.612.6
Expenses
ExpensesCr
4,1076,0817,3609,7619,1099,48011,30214,89315,91015,34916,30617,318
Operating Profit
Operating ProfitCr
1,4072,5132,4732,7943,7594,0793,7082,9604,4943,9344,6384,577
OPM
OPM%
25.529.225.122.329.230.124.716.622.020.422.120.9
Other Income
Other IncomeCr
67336238972274438546459621589661637
Interest Expense
Interest ExpenseCr
76129135248291251216263258205212223
Depreciation
DepreciationCr
8281,2158991,4721,8081,2621,1461,6611,8973,0072,7942,826
PBT
PBTCr
1,1761,5311,8271,1461,9343,0042,8921,4952,9591,3122,2932,166
Tax
TaxCr
33192443131390714555226563188544529
PAT
PATCr
1,1431,3391,3841,0151,5442,2902,3371,2692,3961,1241,7491,636
Growth
PAT Growth%
17.13.4-26.752.148.32.0-45.788.8-53.155.69.9
NPM
NPM%
20.715.614.18.112.016.915.67.111.75.88.37.5
EPS
EPS
328.1384.4397.3288.9435.4633.5646.3325.2664.0311.2483.2451.8

Balance Sheet

Consolidated
Standalone
Numbers
Percentage
Financial YearMar 2016Mar 2017Mar 2018Mar 2019Mar 2020Mar 2021Mar 2022Mar 2023Mar 2024Mar 2025Mar 2026
Equity Capital
Equity CapitalCr
3535353536363636363636
Reserves
ReservesCr
6,8117,6638,8629,63613,13315,36117,42418,60020,66721,50223,231
Current Liabilities
Current LiabilitiesCr
1,1621,9892,9672,1274,0164,4434,6866,7326,1285,7566,989
Non Current Liabilities
Non Current LiabilitiesCr
1,4561,4793,2783,6332,6901,6221,5529251,0821,1571,172
Total Liabilities
Total LiabilitiesCr
9,46311,16615,14215,49319,94421,51323,74926,33427,95328,49231,476
Current Assets
Current AssetsCr
1,8093,2825,7004,7197,8948,1878,4708,96812,21212,10215,102
Non Current Assets
Non Current AssetsCr
7,6557,8849,44110,77412,05013,32615,27917,36615,74116,38916,373
Total Assets
Total AssetsCr
9,46311,16615,14215,49319,94421,51323,74926,33427,95328,49231,476
Financial YearMar 2016Mar 2017Mar 2018Mar 2019Mar 2020Mar 2021Mar 2022Mar 2023Mar 2024Mar 2025Mar 2026
Equity Capital
Equity CapitalCr
3535353536363636363636
Reserves
ReservesCr
6,8117,6638,8629,63613,13315,36117,42418,60020,66721,50223,231
Current Liabilities
Current LiabilitiesCr
1,1621,9892,9672,1274,0164,4434,6866,7326,1285,7566,989
Non Current Liabilities
Non Current LiabilitiesCr
1,4561,4793,2783,6332,6901,6221,5529251,0821,1571,172
Total Liabilities
Total LiabilitiesCr
9,46311,16615,14215,49319,94421,51323,74926,33427,95328,49231,476
Current Assets
Current AssetsCr
1,8093,2825,7004,7197,8948,1878,4708,96812,21212,10215,102
Non Current Assets
Non Current AssetsCr
7,6557,8849,44110,77412,05013,32615,27917,36615,74116,38916,373
Total Assets
Total AssetsCr
9,46311,16615,14215,49319,94421,51323,74926,33427,95328,49231,476

Cash Flow

Consolidated
Standalone
Financial YearMar 2016Mar 2017Mar 2018Mar 2019Mar 2020Mar 2021Mar 2022Mar 2023Mar 2024Mar 2025Mar 2026
Operating Cash Flow
Operating Cash FlowCr
1,5662,2021,8792,0803,9734,2542,6682,5693,3474,9203,794
Investing Cash Flow
Investing Cash FlowCr
-1,265-2,048-3,595-722-5,599-2,645-2,151-2,414-1,418-3,728-3,740
Financing Cash Flow
Financing Cash FlowCr
-271-1671,726-1,2761,581-1,233-849-277-1,710-1,296-110
Net Cash Flow
Net Cash FlowCr
31-131083-44376-333-122219-104-55
Free Cash Flow
Free Cash FlowCr
832922-6451602,4463,138461-6872388482,023
CFO To PAT
CFO To PAT%
137.0164.4135.7204.9257.3185.8114.2202.4139.7437.8217.0
CFO To EBITDA
CFO To EBITDA%
111.387.676.074.5105.7104.372.086.874.5125.181.8
Financial YearMar 2016Mar 2017Mar 2018Mar 2019Mar 2020Mar 2021Mar 2022Mar 2023Mar 2024Mar 2025Mar 2026
Operating Cash Flow
Operating Cash FlowCr
1,5662,2021,8792,0803,9734,2542,6682,5693,3474,9203,794
Investing Cash Flow
Investing Cash FlowCr
-1,265-2,048-3,595-722-5,599-2,645-2,151-2,414-1,418-3,728-3,740
Financing Cash Flow
Financing Cash FlowCr
-271-1671,726-1,2761,581-1,233-849-277-1,710-1,296-110
Net Cash Flow
Net Cash FlowCr
31-131083-44376-333-122219-104-55
Free Cash Flow
Free Cash FlowCr
832922-6451602,4463,138461-6872388482,023
CFO To PAT
CFO To PAT%
137.0164.4135.7204.9257.3185.8114.2202.4139.7437.8217.0
CFO To EBITDA
CFO To EBITDA%
111.387.676.074.5105.7104.372.086.874.5125.181.8

Ratios

Consolidated
Standalone
Financial YearMar 2016Mar 2017Mar 2018Mar 2019Mar 2020Mar 2021Mar 2022Mar 2023Mar 2024Mar 2025Mar 2026Current
Valuation Ratios
Valuation Ratios
Market Cap
Market CapitalizationCr
43,27459,29856,37664,92363,4121,06,34986,56994,44892,7411,10,05383,05880,099
Price To Earnings
Price To Earnings
29.147.240.764.541.346.537.174.338.798.047.649.1
Price To Sales
Price To Sales
7.86.95.75.24.97.85.85.34.55.74.03.7
Price To Book
Price To Book
6.37.76.36.74.86.95.05.14.55.13.63.4
EV To EBITDA
EV To EBITDA
31.224.124.124.117.326.423.832.820.928.218.218.1
Profitability Ratios
Profitability Ratios
GPM
GPM%
61.466.063.459.363.366.759.649.251.754.256.356.3
OPM
OPM%
25.529.225.122.329.230.124.716.622.020.422.120.9
NPM
NPM%
20.715.614.18.112.016.915.67.111.75.88.37.5
ROCE
ROCE%
16.518.516.011.214.318.815.98.214.46.710.010.0
ROE
ROE%
16.717.415.610.511.714.913.46.811.65.27.57.5
ROA
ROA%
12.112.09.16.57.710.69.84.88.63.95.65.6
Operational Ratios
Operational Ratios
Solvency Ratios
Solvency Ratios
Liquidity Ratios
Liquidity Ratios
Financial YearMar 2016Mar 2017Mar 2018Mar 2019Mar 2020Mar 2021Mar 2022Mar 2023Mar 2024Mar 2025Mar 2026Current
Valuation Ratios
Valuation Ratios
Market Cap
Market CapitalizationCr
43,27459,29856,37664,92363,4121,06,34986,56994,44892,7411,10,05383,05880,099
Price To Earnings
Price To Earnings
29.147.240.764.541.346.537.174.338.798.047.649.1
Price To Sales
Price To Sales
7.86.95.75.24.97.85.85.34.55.74.03.7
Price To Book
Price To Book
6.37.76.36.74.86.95.05.14.55.13.63.4
EV To EBITDA
EV To EBITDA
31.224.124.124.117.326.423.832.820.928.218.218.1
Profitability Ratios
Profitability Ratios
GPM
GPM%
61.466.063.459.363.366.759.649.251.754.256.356.3
OPM
OPM%
25.529.225.122.329.230.124.716.622.020.422.120.9
NPM
NPM%
20.715.614.18.112.016.915.67.111.75.88.37.5
ROCE
ROCE%
16.518.516.011.214.318.815.98.214.46.710.010.0
ROE
ROE%
16.717.415.610.511.714.913.46.811.65.27.57.5
ROA
ROA%
12.112.09.16.57.710.69.84.88.63.95.65.6
Operational Ratios
Operational Ratios
Solvency Ratios
Solvency Ratios
Liquidity Ratios
Liquidity Ratios
- **Shree Cement** - began in 1985 as a single-plant idea in Beawar, Rajasthan, and grew into India’s third-largest cement group without taking on debt - a feat in a capital-hungry industry. The company makes cement, ready-mix concrete, and the power to run them, selling under the unified “Bangur” master brand after decades of organic, self-funded expansion. The recurring approach is simple: be the most cost-efficient producer, not the biggest by volume, and let the cash generated by one plant fund the next. # Business segments Three engines built in sequence - a cement core that generates the cash, a downstream concrete business that pulls it closer to the customer, and a power operation that feeds both with cheaper energy than the grid. ## 1. Cement: the cash engine that built the company **India’s third-largest cement maker runs the world’s most kiln-dense single site and earns its edge by making every tonne cheaper than rivals, not by selling more tonnes.** - **Lowest-cost producer by design** - the company’s plants consume about 66 units of power per ton of cement and 726 kilocalories of fuel per kilogram of clinker, with some lines outperforming the original equipment manufacturer’s own specifications. That power-cost advantage alone creates an arbitrage of roughly INR 3 per unit versus buying from the grid. - **Self-supplied raw materials** - it operates eight captive limestone mines and has won six more, including a 912-hectare block in Jaisalmer with around 211 million tonnes of reserves, so it controls the input that dictates cement’s cost. More than 90% of other key inputs like fly ash and slag come through long-term strategic agreements. - **A single-site giant** - the Ras facility in Rajasthan houses eight kilns at one location, the most anywhere in the world, with captive mines that can move roughly 100,000 tonnes of limestone a day. That concentration lets it spread fixed costs over enormous volumes. - **Value over volume** - the company deliberately chases higher realisations per bag rather than market-share points, pushing premium products like Bangur Magna from 15% to 21% of trade volumes and narrowing the price gap with the top player by INR 15-20 per bag. Repeat customers generate 98% of revenue. - **Built, not bought** - capacity has grown at a 16% compound rate over two decades, nearly double the industry’s demand growth, almost entirely through greenfield plants and debottlenecking rather than acquisitions. The latest additions - a 3.65-million-tonne-per-annum clinkerisation unit at Jaitaran and a matching clinkerisation section at Kodla - were commissioned on time and on budget in FY26. ## 2. Ready-Mix Concrete: the downstream pull **A young, plant-by-plant business that takes the group’s own cement and sells it as finished concrete to construction sites, shortening the route to the end customer.** - **Cement’s natural customer** - ready-mix concrete (RMC) is cement plus aggregates and water, mixed off-site and delivered to builders, so every cubic metre sold pulls through the company’s own powder. The business was launched in FY24 and already had 26 operational plants by the end of FY26, with 10 more under commissioning. - **Bought and built in parallel** - the first five plants came through an asset purchase from Starcrete LLP in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region for INR 33.5 crore on a no-debt basis, while the first greenfield plant was commissioned in Hyderabad at 90 cubic metres per hour. That dual path let it enter at scale while learning to build its own. - **City-by-city rollout** - the stated plan is to reach 100 plants across 50 cities, turning a fragmented, logistics-heavy business into a national network. Each plant is a local profit centre, earning revenue per cubic metre dispatched within a tight radius. ## 3. Power: the cost moat inside the factory **Captive generation - increasingly green - supplies the electricity and heat that cement-making devours, at a cost the open market cannot match.** - **Cheaper than the grid** - total power generation capacity stood at 1,084.94 megawatts as of FY25, with green capacity at 666.5 megawatts by Q4 FY26. The weighted-average cost of this captive mix runs about INR 3 per unit below purchased power, a structural advantage in an industry where energy is the single largest expense. - **Waste heat as fuel** - the company has installed the largest waste-heat-recovery plants in the global cement industry outside China, capturing hot exhaust from clinker kilns and converting it into electricity without burning additional fuel. Every clinker unit runs one, which also eliminates the need to cool waste gases with water. - **Green by the numbers** - 61% of all electricity consumed in Q4 FY26 came from renewable sources, a share the company calls among the highest in the global cement industry. It has committed to the RE100 initiative, targeting 100% renewable energy by 2050. # Group structure and partners **A listed Indian parent with a wholly owned domestic subsidiary, a UAE cement operation, and a newly formed Mauritius entity - all held without consolidated debt.** - **Domestic subsidiary** - Shree Cement East Pvt. Ltd. runs grinding units at Purulia, West Bengal (3.0 million tonnes per annum) and Etah, Uttar Pradesh (3.0 million tonnes per annum), with its sales volumes fully consolidated into the parent’s reported figures. - **UAE foothold** - Union Cement Company in Ras Al Khaimah operates an integrated plant that achieved clinker production of around 14,000 tonnes per day with debottlenecking and upgradation measures, against the 10,000 tonnes per day capacity at the time of acquisition in 2018, and is adding a 2.5-million-tonne cement mill. Demand there is tied to post-conflict reconstruction in the region. - **Mauritius entry** - Shree Cement (Mauritius) Limited was incorporated in March 2026 to set up cement blending, storage, and packing facilities and to trade cement, clinker, and coal. - **Rail and brand partners** - a dedicated freight terminal at Baloda Bazar is run through Raipur Handling and Infrastructure Private Limited, while the brand overhaul to “Bangur” was developed with agency McCann. The Nawalgarh plant uses grinding technology from a Danish equipment maker that cuts power consumption by five to ten percent versus conventional systems.

Documents — Shree Cement Ltd

  • Q1 FY2027 Earnings Call Transcript (Jun 2026, PDF): https://www.stockscans.in/document/99xwzmpjfto1prv609i37elk.pdf
  • Q4 FY2026 Earnings Call Transcript (Mar 2026, PDF): https://www.stockscans.in/document/atydypu27m3sdtew5jc4532a.pdf
  • Q3 FY2026 Earnings Call Transcript (Dec 2025, PDF): https://www.stockscans.in/document/hpg8k0py01yiuk6wqkrpwqy9.pdf
  • Q2 FY2026 Earnings Call Transcript (Sep 2025, PDF): https://www.stockscans.in/document/vyqqe0blqsed7y8vjtw5tqob.pdf
  • Q4 FY2025 Earnings Call Transcript (Mar 2025, PDF): https://www.stockscans.in/document/mkypin9idnzoxhlvtndgm5cx.pdf
  • Q2 FY2025 Earnings Call Transcript (Sep 2024, PDF): https://www.stockscans.in/document/zofnkrt49cl0ph8fus5myneh.pdf
  • Q1 FY2025 Earnings Call Transcript (Jun 2024, PDF): https://www.stockscans.in/document/ernlkjl75ut987dh5u7kdvq1.pdf
  • Q4 FY2024 Earnings Call Transcript (Mar 2024, PDF): https://www.stockscans.in/document/99bu47ve458e6x8ejhdlb7av.pdf
  • Q1 FY2027 Quarterly Result (Jun 2026, PDF): https://www.stockscans.in/document/zn8mpz2odd2017fuugz700sp.pdf
  • Q4 FY2026 Quarterly Result (Mar 2026, PDF): https://www.stockscans.in/document/3tfyqe53luxlzk25alblj7ez.pdf
  • Q3 FY2026 Quarterly Result (Dec 2025, PDF): https://www.stockscans.in/document/2l2qu6bdqcdxvgwbldc9db30.pdf
  • Q2 FY2026 Quarterly Result (Sep 2025, PDF): https://www.stockscans.in/document/cxee257x4io0of8adkplqe0x.pdf
  • Q1 FY2026 Quarterly Result (Jun 2025, PDF): https://www.stockscans.in/document/p8kl01eqjd43otd9i2a7u13o.pdf
  • Q4 FY2025 Quarterly Result (Mar 2025, PDF): https://www.stockscans.in/document/8vxe2svpbcdubx1fw57ajspr.pdf
  • Q3 FY2025 Quarterly Result (Dec 2024, PDF): https://www.stockscans.in/document/rpfzwdu8jqfxsps9bkfb791z.pdf
  • Q2 FY2025 Quarterly Result (Sep 2024, PDF): https://www.stockscans.in/document/3pfp0dn0b6ztpsmxagxaufd4.pdf
  • FY2026 Annual Report (PDF): https://www.stockscans.in/document/t78dtsw151ty5qjswtmwx1jh.pdf
  • FY2025 Annual Report (PDF): https://www.stockscans.in/document/sp3mz5jdumgl7qgsk5cmk2un.pdf
  • FY2024 Annual Report (PDF): https://www.stockscans.in/document/t9p11s7dal4z8y5qe5giovfu.pdf
  • FY2023 Annual Report (PDF): https://www.stockscans.in/document/6jnqdf5con1it0tlzcw810vf.pdf
  • FY2022 Annual Report (PDF): https://www.stockscans.in/document/bo0ux0o36hhbjgd3fewakt37.pdf
  • FY2021 Annual Report (PDF): https://www.stockscans.in/document/ywnijovw22wnaenp126he0ns.pdf
  • FY2020 Annual Report (PDF): https://www.stockscans.in/document/pzl30dfbmlbustv9gcvj06ke.pdf

Concall Transcript Summaries — Shree Cement Ltd

  • Q1 FY2027 Concall Transcript Summary (Jun 2026): https://www.stockscans.in/company/NSE%3ASHREECEM/transcript-notes/202606/99xwzmpjfto1prv609i37elk.pdf
  • Q4 FY2026 Concall Transcript Summary (Mar 2026): https://www.stockscans.in/company/NSE%3ASHREECEM/transcript-notes/202603/atydypu27m3sdtew5jc4532a.pdf
  • Q3 FY2026 Concall Transcript Summary (Dec 2025): https://www.stockscans.in/company/NSE%3ASHREECEM/transcript-notes/202512/hpg8k0py01yiuk6wqkrpwqy9.pdf
  • Q2 FY2026 Concall Transcript Summary (Sep 2025): https://www.stockscans.in/company/NSE%3ASHREECEM/transcript-notes/202509/vyqqe0blqsed7y8vjtw5tqob.pdf
  • Q4 FY2025 Concall Transcript Summary (Mar 2025): https://www.stockscans.in/company/NSE%3ASHREECEM/transcript-notes/202503/mkypin9idnzoxhlvtndgm5cx.pdf
  • Q2 FY2025 Concall Transcript Summary (Sep 2024): https://www.stockscans.in/company/NSE%3ASHREECEM/transcript-notes/202409/zofnkrt49cl0ph8fus5myneh.pdf
  • Q1 FY2025 Concall Transcript Summary (Jun 2024): https://www.stockscans.in/company/NSE%3ASHREECEM/transcript-notes/202406/ernlkjl75ut987dh5u7kdvq1.pdf
  • Q4 FY2024 Concall Transcript Summary (Mar 2024): https://www.stockscans.in/company/NSE%3ASHREECEM/transcript-notes/202403/99bu47ve458e6x8ejhdlb7av.pdf